窃取债务人的钱财抵债是否构成盗窃罪/李崇军

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窃取债务人的钱财抵债是否构成盗窃罪

李崇军


  案情:

  胡银水欠王长江人民币10000元,经法院调解,胡应于2003年7月10日前清偿完毕。履行期限界满后,胡未主动清偿,王长江遂申请法院强制执行,经法院多次执行也是毫无效果。2003年12月17日中午,王路过许胡住处时,顺便进入许胡的屋内欲向胡要钱,但王进屋后见房内空无一人。王便来到胡的卧室,用室内的一把镙丝刀撬开一抽屉,发现里面放有人民币7000元,便悉数拿走。王回家后,当即将这一情况打电话告诉了法院的执行人员和胡银水,称用该款抵债。后检察院以盗窃罪向法院提起公诉。

  分歧:

  本案在审理过程中,对王长江的行为应如何定性,有两种不同意见。

  一种意见认为,王长江构成盗窃罪。主要理由是:1、王某趁许胡银水家中无人之际,实施了秘密窃取的手段。2、王某在客观上已非法占有了胡某的人民币7000元,属数额较大。3、王某和胡某的债权债务纠纷已进入法院的执行程序,王某若发现胡某有可供执行的财产,只能向法院报告,由法院执行人员予以扣押,而决不能采取秘密窃取的手段进行非法占有。

  第二种意见认为,陈某的行为不构成盗窃罪。

  评析:

  笔者同意后一种意见主要理由有:
1、要构成盗窃罪,行为人在主观方面必须具有非法占有他人财产的故意,即必须以非法占有为目的。而王长江在自己多次追索和法院多次执行未果的情况下,才出此下策,窃取了胡银水的人民币7000元,但其及时电告了胡某和法院的执行人员,说明用该款清偿与胡某的债务。王某窃款后及时打电话说明情况的行为,足以说明王某主观上没有非法占有他人钱财的故意,且其所窃款额并未超过其债权数额。
2、盗窃罪侵害的犯罪客体是公私财产的所有权。具体来说,就是盗窃行为人的行为会给被害人(失主)造成财产损失。而就本案而言,胡某所欠王某人民币10000元分文未给,胡某对王某负有法定的给付义务。王某所窃款项用于抵偿胡某的债务后,胡某的债务数额减少至3000元,对胡某来说,亦即已偿还王某的7000元,王某的窃取行为未给胡某造成任何损失,胡某的财产所有权没有受到任何侵害,所以王某的行为不构成盗窃罪。当然,王某的行为不构成盗窃罪,并不意味着具有合法性,相反,其违法性是肯定的,应受到相应的治安处罚。

(作者单位:江西省吉水县人民法院)


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关于核发《广播电视节目制作经营许可证》和《电视剧制作许可证》的通知

国家广播电影电视总局


关于核发《广播电视节目制作经营许可证》和《电视剧制作许可证》的通知
国家广播电影电视总局




各省、自治区、直辖市广播影视厅(局):
目前,对广播电视节目制作经营和电视剧制作机构的重新审核登记工作已基本完成,根据《广播电视管理条例》等有关规定,现就核发新的《广播电视节目制作经营许可证》和《电视剧制作许可证》的有关事宜通知如下:
一、根据《关于对广播电视节目制作经营单位重新审核登记的通知》(广发社字〔1997〕881号)的规定,已经通过重新审核登记的,以及符合原广播电影电视部第16号令规定的条件、并经省级以上广播电视行政部门新近批准设立的广播电视节目制作经营单位,由其批准机关
在1998年11月1日前核发《广播电视节目制作经营许可证》,原广播电影电视部印制的《影视制作经营许可证》同时作废,并由原发证部门收回并销毁。
《广播电视节目制作经营许可证》由总局统一印制。
二、新的《电视剧制作许可证》分甲、乙两种。其中,《电视剧制作许可证(甲种)》由总局在1998年11月1日前统一颁发给经重新核定具有电视剧制作权的单位,其原《电视剧制作许可证》同时作废,并由原发证部门收回销毁。
持有《电视剧制作许可证(甲种)》的单位制作未列入当年全国题材规划的电视剧,投拍之前,须向发证部门备案。
三、没有取得电视剧制作权、但符合《电视剧制作许可证管理规定》(原广电部17号令)第七条规定的条件的单位,如需制作电视剧,在投拍前,中央所属单位向国家广播电影电视总局社会管理司申请,地方制作单位向当地省级广播电视行政部门申请同意后,报总局社会管理司申领
《电视剧制作许可证(乙种)》。
《电视剧制作许可证(乙种)》仅限于制作与该证相符的电视剧。
四、取得《电视剧制作许可证(甲种)》的单位在1998年11月1日后制作完成的电视剧,应在每集片尾标明其许可证编号。
1998年11月1日前曾取得原广播电影电视部颁发的《电视剧制作许可证》,但经重新审核后未取得电视剧制作权的单位,其在11月1日前尚未制作完成的电视剧,原有的《电视剧制作许可证》的有效期可延至该剧通过省级以上广播电视行政部门审查之日。发行前,应在该剧每
集片尾标明原《电视剧制作许可证》编号。11月1日后如生产电视剧,须按本通知的规定申领《电视剧制作许可证(乙种)》。
1998年11月1日前已获得《电视剧制作临时许可证》,但尚未制作完成的电视剧,原《电视剧制作临时许可证》的有效期可延至该剧通过省级以上广播电视行政部门审查之日。发行前,应在该剧每集片尾标明原《电视剧制作临时许可证》编号。
五、禁止出租、转让《广播电视节目制作经营许可证》和《电视剧制作许可证》。
六、违反本通知规定的,由县级以上广播电视行政部门根据《广播电视管理条例》第四十八条的规定,给予责任人以相应的行政处罚。
各厅、局接到本通知后,应及时转发各电视台、电视剧制作单位和广播电视节目制作经营单位,并认真落实。



1998年10月23日

中国公民同外国人办理婚姻登记的几项规定(附英文)

民政部


中国公民同外国人办理婚姻登记的几项规定(附英文)

(一九八三年八月十七日国务院批准)

一、中国公民同外国人(包括常驻我国和临时来华的外国人、外籍华人、定居我国的侨民)在中国境内自愿结婚的,男女双方当事人必须共同到中国公民一方户口所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府指定的婚姻登记机关申请登记。
二、申请结婚登记的男女双方,必须遵守中华人民共和国婚姻法和本规定的有关条款。
三、申请结婚登记的中国公民和外国人,须分别持有下列证件:
甲、中国公民:
(一)本人的户籍证明:
(二)本人户口所在地的县级人民政府或工作所在单位的县级以上机关、学校、事业、企业单位出具的本人姓名、性别、出生年月、民族、婚姻状况(未婚、离婚、丧偶、下同)、职业、工作性质、申请与何人结婚的证明。
乙、外国人:
(一)本人护照或其他身份、国籍证件;
(二)公安机关签发的《外国人居留证》,或外事部门颁发的身份证件,或临时来华的入境、居留证件;
(三)经本国外交部(或外交部授权机关)和我驻该国使、领馆认证的由本国公证机关出具的婚姻状况证明;或该国驻华使、领馆出具的婚姻状况证明。
丙、外国侨民:
(一)本人护照或代替护照的身份、国籍证件(无国籍者免交);
(二)公安机关签发的《外国人居留证》;
(三)本人户口所在地县级人民政府或工作所在单位的县级以上机关、学校、事业、企业单位出具的本人姓名、性别、出生年月、婚姻状况、职业、申请与何人结婚的证明。
此外,申请结婚的男女双方,还须提交婚姻登记机关指定医院出具的婚前健康检查证明。
四、下列中国公民不准同外国人结婚:
(一)现役军人、外交人员、公安人员、机要人员和其他掌握重大机密的人员;
(二)正在接受劳动教养和服刑的人。
五、凡证件齐全、符合本规定的中国公民和外国人,可持证件和男女双方照片,到婚姻登记机关提出申请。经婚姻登记机关审查了解,符合中华人民共和国婚姻法和本规定的准予登记,一个月内办理登记手续,发给结婚证。结婚证须贴有男女双方当事人照片,并加盖办理涉外婚姻登记的县级以上人民政府婚姻登记专用章(钢印)。
六、中国公民和外国人在华要求离婚的,应按中华人民共和国《民事诉讼法(试行)》有关规定,向该管人民法院提出离婚诉讼。要求复婚的,按结婚办理。
七、申请结婚的中国公民和外国人应向婚姻登记机关交纳婚姻证书工本费和登记手续费。所需翻译费由本人自理。
八、本规定经国务院批准后施行,过去有关规定同时废止。

PROVISIONS FOR THE REGISTRATION OF MARRIAGE BETWEEN CHINESECITIZENS AND FOREIGNERS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS FOR THE REGISTRATION OF MARRIAGE BETWEEN CHINESE
CITIZENS AND FOREIGNERS
(Approved by the State Council on August 17, 1983 and promulgated
by the Ministry of Civil Affairs on August 26, 1983)
1. When Chinese citizens and foreigners (including foreign residents and
those who come to China for a short visit, Chinese of foreign nationality,
and foreigners who have settled down in China) decide to get married of
their own free will within the boundaries of China, both the man and the
woman concerned shall appear together at the marriage registration
department, designated by the province, autonomous region, or municipality
directly under the Central Government, and stationed in the locality where
the Chinese citizen has his/her residence registration and apply for
marriage registration.
2. Both the man and the woman, who apply for marriage registration, shall
abide by the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China and the
pertinent articles and items of these Provisions.
3. Chinese citizens and foreigners who apply for marriage registration
shall respectively hold the following certificates:
A. For Chinese citizens:
(1) certificates of the applicant's residence registration;
(2) certificate signed and issued either by the people's government at the
county level or above which is stationed in the locality where the
applicant has his/her residence registration, or by a government
department, a school, an institution, or an enterprise at the county level
or above, which is the applicant's place of work; the certificate
indicates the applicant's name, sex, date of birth, nationality, marital
status (single, divorced, bereft of spouse - the same below), occupation,
nature of work, name of the person to marry.
B. For foreigners:
(1) the applicant's passport or other documents certifying his/her
identity and citizenship;
(2) "Residence Permit for Foreigners" signed and issued by the public
security department, or identification certificate issued by foreign
affairs department, or entry permit and residence permit for foreigners
who come to China for a short stay;
(3) marital status certification issued by the notary office of the
applicant's country and confirmed by both the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
(or a department authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) of the
applicant's country and the Chinese embassy or consulate in the said
foreign country; or marital status certification issued by the embassy or
consulate of the said foreign country in China.
C. For resident foreigners in China:
(1) the applicant's passport, or identification certificate or nationality
certificate used to substitute for passport (those who have no nationality
may be exempted from presenting their nationality certificates);
(2) "Residence Permit for Foreigners" signed and issued by the public
security department;
(3) certificate signed and issued either by the people's government at the
county level or above, which is stationed in the locality where the
applicant has his/her residence registration, or by a government
department, a school, an institution, or an enterprise at the county level
or above, which is the applicant's place of work; the certificate
indicates the applicant's name, sex, date of birth, marital status,
occupation, name of the person to marry.
In addition, both the man and the woman applying for marriage registration
shall also present the pre-marital health check-up report signed and
issued by a hospital designated by the marriage registration department.
4. The following Chinese citizens shall not be permitted to marry
foreigners:
(1) armymen in active service, diplomatic personnel, public security
personnel, confidential personnel, and other personnel who are in charge
of important confidential work;
(2) persons who are receiving reeducation through labour or serving a
sentence.
5. Chinese citizens and foreigners, who hold all the required certificates
and accord with these Provisions, may present their certificates and
photos to the marriage registration department and make an application.
The marriage registration department, after examining the application and
confirming through investigation that the application conforms to the
Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China and to these Provisions,
shall give the applicants the permission to register, and to go through
the registration procedures within 1 month; and then the marriage
registration department shall issue the marriage certificate to them. The
marriage certificate shall be attached with the photos of both the man and
the woman, and be affixed with the special seal (made of steel) for
marriage registration of the people's government at the county level or
above which handles the registration of marriage between Chinese and
foreign nationals.
6. If a Chinese citizen and a foreigner request a divorce in China, they
shall, in accordance with the pertinent provisions of "The Civil Procedure
Law of the People's Republic of China (for Trial Implementation)", file a
divorce suit with the appropriate People's Court. Those who wish to resume
marriage relationship shall go through the same registration procedures as
those for marriage.
7. Chinese citizens and foreigners who apply for marriage registration
shall pay for the cost of marriage certificates and also pay a
registration service charge. The expenses for interpretation service shall
be borne by the applicants.
8. These Provisions shall go into effect upon approval by the State
Council, and all former pertinent provisions shall be null and void at the
same time.